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NAME: Samuel Crompton.

BORN: 1753 at Firwood Fold, Bolton.

CLAIM TO FAME: Inventor of the Spinning Mule.

BRIEF BIOGRAPHY: Handloom weaver Crompton invented the Mule out of frustration with the performance of the family's Spinning Jenny.

His machine combined the differential rollers of the Water Frame with the Jenny's spindles, which he placed on a moving carriage.

The result was a gentler, more controlled stretching of the roving which made it possible to spin extremely fine counts of thread on a machine for the first time.

At first, Crompton used his machine to spin thread for himself. But he quickly realised that he
could make more money from spinning than from weaving, and he found a ready market for his fine thread. He was soon producing counts of 80, a thread so fine that just one pound of it would have stretched the 36 miles from Manchester to Liverpool and part way back again.

But Crompton was unable to patent his invention, and instead made it generally available, with manu-facturers contributing to a subscription fund.

In the end, he received just £60 (today, about $120), for a machine that would revolutionise the textile industry. It was just enough to build him a Mule to replace the one he had given away.

Thre mule soon became the dominant spinning machine, ousting the Jenny and the
Water Frame from British mills. In 1812, the British Parliament voted Crompton an award of £5,000 for an idea that wasreckoned to be worth £20 million to the country's economy. Crompton had expected £10,000.

He was no businessman and wasted the money on failed ventures, with the help of his family. He was existing on an annuity of just £63 a year when he died in 1827.

PLACES TO VISIT: Crompton's birthplace at Firwood Fold, Bolton. Nearby Hall i' th' Wood, where he built the Mule. Bolton Museum, which has an early Mule on display. His grave is in Bolton Parish churchyard and there is a statue in the town's Nelson Square.

EXTERNAL LINKS: Spartacus article, Firwood Fold, Bolton Website

SEE ALSO: Thomas Highs, James Hargreaves, Richard Arkwright, spinning machines.